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STUNIII, also known as Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (Network Address Translation), is a protocol used in computer networking to discover and traverse network address translators or firewalls that enforce network address translation.The primary purpose of STUNIII is to allow devices behind a NAT to communicate with devices outside the NAT. It achieves this by determining the public IP address and port assigned by the NAT for communications with external devices. This information is crucial for establishing peer-to-peer connections, particularly in voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, and real-time streaming applications.STUNIII operates by sending requests from a client device to a public STUN server. The server responds with the client's external IP address and port number, which can then be used to establish connections with other devices. This process helps overcome the limitations imposed by NATs, which typically assign private IP addresses that are not routable on the public internet.The protocol has evolved over time, with STUN Version 3 (STUNIII) being an improvement over previous versions. It adds support for additional features like TURN (Traversal Using Relay NAT) and ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) that assist in establishing direct peer-to-peer communication even when both endpoints are behind restrictive firewalls or symmetric NATs.In summary, STUNIII is a protocol that allows devices behind Network Address Translators (NATs) to communicate with external devices by discovering their public IP addresses and ports. It plays a critical role in enabling peer-to-peer communication in various real-time applications.

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